The securities market was to undergo a major change with the entry of MiFID I in November 2007. EU´s establishment if the directive sets high standards for investment firms to establish internal guidelines in accordance with MiFID I. As right now, the securities market is facing further change with the proposal for MiFID II.MiFID II seeks to overcome MiFID I´s shown deficiencies. The greatest need for change are the rules that secure Investor protection, with specific focus on regulation on information service from investment firms to customers. This essay deals with the rules on information service enacted in MiFID I compared to the changes presented in MiFID II to investigate whether the changes could strengthen Investor protection as desired.MiFID II is a more detailed framework than its precursor.

This essay aims to analyse the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive, formally called MiFID, andwhether it improves the situation of the investor, the customer, on the market for securities. MiFID isa directive from the European Union and was implemented by the member states in 2007. Besideshaving the objective to harmonise the European financial market, the directive aims to increasecompetition and efficiency among the markets in the member states.After our initial reasearch in the area we choosed to do a textual analysis and divide the content ofMiFID into three main areas: trading venues, transparency and Investor protection. These areas aresubsequently analysed in relation to the investor?s situation on the market for financial securities andthe overall question at issue is whether MiFID improves the situation of the investor.

Problem:How should a smaller investor behave when investing in the stock market and what knowledge should he have about the business he´s investing in? Purpose:The purpose of this thesis is to give the smaller investor a tool for investing in the stock market. The thesis aim to illustrate, through key ratios, what companies an investor should look for when investing in a company. Method:By studying already existing theories and then apply them on the thesis. The theories was then developed and refined to evolve to the finished thesis.

Listed corporations achieve effectiveness through segmentation of investors. Categorization of like- minded investors diminishes goal incongruence. This thesis aim to examine an Investor models accuracy, provided by a Professor Emeritus in Economic Psychology in 2001. This model segments investors as active, passive, speculative and naive investors. This thesis has a demarcation to private investors on the Swedish stock market. It has a deductive and qualitative approach as the purpose is to study the Investor model.

Internet har ändrat bolagens möjligheter att sprida information. Samtidigt har arbetet med finansiell kommunikation gentemot investerare, s.k. Investor Relations, uppmärksammats allt mer inom den akademiska värden. Uppsatsen har syftat till att med hjälp av en egen analysmodell försöka bedöma Investor Relationsarbetet på Internet som bedrivs av de börsnoterade fastighetsbolagen. Denna typ av analys görs bl.a.

Water is an important food and an important natural resource. In order to protect these are the Environmental Code and the EU directive given to water protection and related water protection regulations will be established for all water sources until 2010. Those who will prepare a water protection and related water protection regulations is the municipality or person responsible for water supply. The person then decides and declares the area as water protection and related water protection regulations are municipal or provincial government. The idea of creating a water protection is to protect the water supply and the body of water against pollution caused by point sources, diffuse sources and accidents combined.

This thesis discusses the validity of the Capital Protection Rules under the new Companies Act.The areas of particular interest and cause for debate focus on the advantages and disadvantages for creditors under the laws regarding minimum capital requirements, capital distributions, stock acquisitions, stock minimization, loan restrictions and forced liquidation.How could creditors receive better protection?What changes would have to be made to the Capital Protection Rules to provide better protection and what would be the consequences of these changes to the shareholders, the government and the creditors.Could or should we model the Norwegian or American Judicial system in this situation?Included is an in depth report on the Swedish Capital Protection Rules outlining what they are, what they entail and what the reasoning was behind them. Also included are the EU equivalents and Norwegian and American Capital Protection Rules..

Investor Relations har under de senaste 20 åren fått en allt starkare betydelse för börsnoterade företag. Öppnare marknader och fler intressenter har skapat större krav på företag att tydligt kommunicera sin finansiella ställning. Investor Relations är funktionen i företag som skall möta detta krav. Studier kring asymmetrisk information har visat att skillnader i informationstillgång påverkar aktiepriset negativt. Investor Relations kan motverka denna effekt.

A substation must be properly protected against lightning and other external effects to the equipment in the station or staff, for that we use relay protection. They should also protect against internal errors which may occur as ground faults. There are different types of protection relays, but most common are overcurrent-, distance-, residual current- and differential protection.The purpose of this thesis was to deepen our knowledge of relay protection and to use the theoretical knowledge we got from the university studies in the work process. In the process we discovered which parameters were the most essential and calculated these for all relay protections on the substation. We also carry out a comparison between two brands of relay protection, ABB and Alstom.During our work we will test and simulate the over-current relays in a program called NEPLAN, the program will also calculate the fault currents.

The thesis demonstrates protection solutions that can be suitable for a camp during internationalmissions in order to resist complex threats. The threats could consist of small arms, machineguns,RPG 7, anti armour missiles, mortar, artillery, HPM-weapons, car bombs, biological and chemicalweapons as well as sabotage and theft. It?s not the technology itself that makes the threat scenariocomplex it?s the way the opponent acts during the operations. The opponent acts usually incivilian clothes and therefore he is difficult to distinguish from other civilians.

Purpose: To examine how IR-related press releases affect share price for stock companies, and to explore how said companies practice Investor Relations.Methods: The study was conducted using an event study as well as e-interviews. The event study has a quantitative deductive research approach where the market model is used for calculating the abnormal return based on press releases. The e-interviews have a qualitative research approach and follow a semi structured interview guide. The study includes all listed stock companies within the Swedish construction industry and includes press releases from the last decade.Theory: The study is based on the efficient market hypothesis and its semi strong form, theories within Investor Relations and previous research.Results: The event study shows a significant negative abnormal return during a four day period starting the day after the press release event. The negative abnormal return could derive from investor relations being used by companies as damage control, or that the investors? expectations are too high as a result of IR.

A substation must be properly protected against lightning and other external effects to the equipment in the station or staff, for that we use relay protection. They should also protect against internal errors which may occur as ground faults. There are different types of protection relays, but most common are overcurrent-, distance-, residual current- and differential protection.The purpose of this thesis was to deepen our knowledge of relay protection and to use the theoretical knowledge we got from the university studies in the work process. In the process we discovered which parameters were the most essential and calculated these for all relay protections on the substation. We also carry out a comparison between two brands of relay protection, ABB and Alstom.During our work we will test and simulate the over-current relays in a program called NEPLAN, the program will also calculate the fault currents.

Titel: IR ? förkortad information som ingen förstår?Författare: Louise Davidson & Johan RoothHandledare: Britt BörjessonSidantal: 49 sidor exklusive bilagorKurs: Examensarbete i medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, Institutionen för journalistik och masskommunikation, Göteborgs universitetTermin: Vårterminen 2008, period 2Syfte: Syftet är att utvärdera Solbergs kunders IR webbplatser utifrån ett användarperspektiv. Med fokus på innehåll, logik/struktur och tillfredställelseMetod: Kvalitativ metod, användbarhetstester med personliga intervjuerMaterial: Användbarhetstester och efterföljande intervjuer med fem test- och intervjupersonerHuvudresultat: Vårt resultat visar att det största problemet med Investor relations webbplatser inte handlar om strukturen eller logiken på sidan. Det är inte heller något större fel på det innehåll som presenteras. Utan det är förståelsen för Investor relations som bidrar till att sidans effektivitet och tillfredställelse inte är så hög.

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att genomföra en deskriptiv studie och skapa djupare förståelse för hur svenska, nyligen börsnoterade medicinteknikföretag arbetar med Investor relations och hur detta arbete återspeglas i en effektiv aktiemarknad. Samt att undersöka hur de utvärderar effekterna av sin IR-verksamhet.Metod: Genom en kvalitativ studie söker denna uppsats svar i intervjuer med börsnoterade medicintekniska företag, samt i teorier som behandlat möjligheten för rationella investeringar och utformningen av en effektiv marknad.Resultat: Den kapitalkrävande bransch som medicinsk teknik utgör har troligen påverkan på hur kommunikationen och informationsspridningen är utformad då alla respondenterna använder Investor Relations på liknande sätt. Företagen själva anser att det företag som lyckas övertyga investerare om att deras produkter har störst samhällsnytta även kommer att vinna kampen om kapitalet. Trots hård konkurrens om kapital och förståelsen över vikten av Investor Relations görs inga omfattande utvärderingar av arbetet. Anledningen är främst att det tar för mycket tid och att tillvägagångssätten är diffusa.

The question of whether financial analysts can forecast stock movements or not has been widely debated for many years. This study examines if an investor has been able to receive an excess return by following financial analysts? recommendations. We continue by studying if an investor has been able to earn a different excess return by following different types of recommendations. The study includes more than 15,000 recommendations made by 10 first tier banks and brokerages on the Swedish market during the years 2003-2007.